Refine Search
Sort by
$699,990
3 Beds 3 Baths 7082175 MLS 1,956 SqFt.
Welcome to your North Scottsdale retreat! This stylish corner lot townhome offers 3 bedrooms, 2.5 baths and a 2-car garage. White quartz, a generous island and gas cooking elevate the kitchen, while a 15-foot multi-slide glass door opens the spacious great room to your private patio. Upstairs, enjoy a versatile loft and split layout with an expansive primary suite opposite two bedrooms. Unwind in a beautifully maintained gated community with a heated pool and spa, gym and lush grassy areas. Shopping, dining and golf await nearby at Pinnacle Peak and Scottsdale Road. Come experience it for yourself! Seller offers a closing cost credit equal to 1% of your loan amount when using our partner lender, subject to loan guidelines.

23387 N 73rd Way, Scottsdale

$800,000
3 Beds 3 Baths 7081563 MLS 2,378 SqFt.
Life at Pinnacle at Silverstone feels easy, with thoughtful interiors, inviting outdoor space, and a North Scottsdale location close to some of the area's highest rated golf, dining, and hiking. Located in a gated community, this home offers the ideal lock-and-leave lifestyle. Inside, tall ceilings and wood-look tile create an open, comfortable flow. The kitchen features quartz countertops, stainless steel appliances, a gas cooktop, and new pendant lighting. Plantation shutters and updated window treatments add a polished feel throughout. Upstairs, the primary suite offers a spacious bath and walk-in closet, with two additional bedrooms for guests or a home office. Outside, refreshed landscaping and lighting create a welcoming backyard, perfect for morning coffee or relaxed evenings.

7492 E Via De Luna Drive, Scottsdale

$899,990
3 Beds 3 Baths 7080377 MLS 2,436 SqFt.
Discover sophisticated desert living in Aria at Silverstone with the stunning new Avalon plan. Designed for modern luxury, this home features a spacious great room flowing into a gourmet kitchen with crisp Frost White cabinetry, Marble-look quartz countertops, large, island with designer pendant lighting, and premium GE Monogram appliances, including a refrigerator. Upstairs, a private split-bedroom layout creates a peaceful retreat, highlighted by a luxurious primary suite with dual vanities, a freestanding soaking tub, and a sleek walk-in shower. A versatile loft and two additional bedrooms offer endless possibilities for a home office, guests, or relaxation. Enjoy the perfect blend of elevated design, everyday comfort, and resort-inspired amenities in a desirable location. ^^Up to 5% of Base Price can be applied towards closing cost and/or short-long-term interest rate buydowns when choosing our preferred Lender. Additional eligibility and limited time restrictions apply. Ask for more information!

22664 N 72nd Place, Scottsdale

$559,000
3 Beds 3 Baths 7078997 MLS 1,656 SqFt.
Welcome to Village at Sonoran Hills! This 3-bedroom, 2.5-bath home offers 1,656 sq. ft. of comfortable North Scottsdale living with an attached 2-car garage. The bright, open layout features an inviting living area and spacious kitchen with granite countertops, ample cabinetry, pantry, and eat-in dining space. Upstairs are all three bedrooms, including a generous primary suite with dual vanities. Enjoy a private, low-maintenance outdoor space in the highly desirable Sonoran Hills area of Pinnacle Peak, just north of Grayhawk. A great combination of space, location, and low-maintenance living. Village at Sonoran Hills offers walking paths, tennis courts, and a children's playground. Pinnacle Peak Preparatory is just around the corner. Conveniently located close to shopping and dining, with the Loop 101 just a short drive away for easy access throughout Scottsdale and the Valley.

7650 E Williams Drive Unit 1071, Scottsdale

$815,000
3 Beds 3 Baths 7078216 MLS 1,898 SqFt.
Nestled within Pinnacle Reserve, this thoughtfully updated home captures the ease of Scottsdale living with warm, inviting interiors and a secluded backyard made for relaxing and entertaining. The spacious kitchen features granite countertops, stainless steel appliances, generous cabinetry and elevated fixtures, complemented by porcelain plank tile, white wood shutters and fresh interior paint. The primary en-suite offers a spa-like retreat with a walk-in shower, soaking tub, dual sinks and walk-in closet. Step outside to your own private resort with a custom self-cleaning pool, LED lighting, stone waterfall, Baja step, swim-up bar and tiki hut. Vacation-inspired living, all just minutes from North Scottsdale's finest golf, dining, shopping, desert trails and major freeway access.

7256 E Desert Vista Road, Scottsdale

$825,000
3 Beds 2 Baths 7075780 MLS 1,810 SqFt.
Fall in love with this gorgeous 3-bedroom home nestled on a desirable cul-de-sac! Abundant natural light fills every space, from the inviting living room to the impressive great room highlighted by a cozy fireplace. Thoughtful touches include wood-look flooring, stylish light fixtures, fire sprinklers, and window blinds throughout. Well-appointed kitchen offers ample cabinets, SS appliances, quartz counters, and a breakfast bar. Large main retreat continues to delight, showcasing an elegant ensuite with a garden tub, enclosed glass shower, and a walk-in closet. The secondary bedrooms also include well-sized closets for easy organization. Venture to the serene backyard where a covered patio sets the ideal spot for alfresco dining, unwinding, or hosting memorable outdoor gatherings. Hurry!

7368 E Desert Vista Road, Scottsdale

$1,975,000
5 Beds 5 Baths 7075514 MLS 3,937 SqFt.
Set on 0.679 acres in desirable Happy Valley Ranch, this private North Scottsdale retreat combines a thoughtful floor plan, beautiful indoor-outdoor living, mountain views, and spectacular Arizona sunsets. A welcoming courtyard entry opens to a spacious 5-bedroom, 5-ensuite-bath residence with a dedicated office and generously sized living areas designed for both everyday comfort and entertaining. Expansive windows connect the interior to the covered patio and lushly landscaped backyard, where a custom PebbleTec pool with water feature, outdoor fireplace, and built-in BBQ create an inviting setting for year-round enjoyment. Mature landscaping and meticulously maintained grounds enhance the home's sense of privacy and tranquility. Inside, stone, tile, and wood flooring complement soaring wood-beamed ceilings, skylights, custom blinds and shutters, and a wet bar with wine cooler. The chef's kitchen features stainless steel appliances, a 48-inch GE side-by-side refrigerator, custom cabinetry, granite countertops, tile backsplash, walk-in pantry, breakfast bar, and a butcher-block center island. The spacious primary suite offers its own fireplace, custom walk-in closet, freestanding soaking tub, dual granite vanities, and a walk-in shower finished in custom stone and tile. Each secondary bedroom includes an ensuite bath with granite vanities and custom tile and stonework, while one guest suite offers direct access to the front courtyard. Additional highlights include an oversized laundry room with granite counters, sink, cabinetry, washer and dryer, plus a circular paver driveway and oversized side-entry 3-car garage. The garage features a full wall of storage cabinets along with a dedicated open area ideal for a workshop, hobby space, or additional storage. Located minutes from Pinnacle Peak, Tom's Thumb, Brown's Ranch, golf, shopping, dining, and the many amenities of North Scottsdale, this exceptional property offers privacy, space, and a lifestyle centered around the best of Arizona living.

25255 N Ranch Gate Road, Scottsdale

$1,077,910
4 Beds 4 Baths 7075175 MLS 2,673 SqFt.
Elevate your lifestyle at Aria at Silverstone with the exceptional Laconia plan, designed to make everyday living feel extraordinary. The PRIVATE ROOFTOP DECK offers a coveted outdoor escape for morning coffee, sunset gatherings, or evenings beneath the stars. Inside, an extended foyer opens to a stylish great room and gourmet kitchen featuring a statement quartz island, designer pendant lighting, and premium appliances. A first-floor bedroom adds flexibility for guests, a home office, or a private retreat. Upstairs, the luxurious primary suite features dual walk-in closets and a spa-inspired bath with dual vanities and a sleek walk-in shower. A spacious loft and two additional bedrooms complete this beautifully appointed home. ^^Up to 5% of Base Price can be applied towards closing cost and/or short-long-term interest rate buydowns when choosing our preferred Lender. Additional eligibility and limited time restrictions apply. Ask for more information!

22688 N 72nd Place, Scottsdale

$1,599,000
4 Beds 3 Baths 7075034 MLS 3,220 SqFt.
Located in a prime North Scottsdale setting with natural desert landscapes including some stately Saguaro Cacti. The location has convenient access to Scottsdale's amenities, major roadways and destinations throughout the Valley. This single-level Desert Mediterranean home offers a sought-after open, split floor plan with vaulted ceilings, arched doorways and windows, 4 bedrooms and 3 baths. The layout provides excellent separation between the primary suite and secondary bedrooms, with generous living spaces designed for indoor-outdoor living. A circular driveway and impressive entry lead into the vaulted living and dining areas, featuring architectural columns and arches, two sets of French doors opening to the covered patio, a formal dining area and wet bar with upper and lower cabinetry and wine storage. The adjoining den features vaulted ceilings, a fireplace, windows overlooking the desert landscape and French doors to the patio. The den connects to the kitchen through an open pass-through. The kitchen includes a center island, extensive cabinetry and a walk-in pantry. The split primary suite is accessed through a private corridor and double-door entry. The spacious bedroom includes a vaulted ceiling, sitting area, corner fireplace and French doors to the patio. The primary bath offers dual sinks, separate make-up vanity, spa tub, walk-in shower, and walk-in closet. On the opposite side of the home, a dedicated office with double-door entry is positioned near two secondary bedrooms. Each guest bedroom has a private vanity, with the bedrooms sharing a Jack-and-Jill shower. The backyard offers an indoor-outdoor lifestyle, with an expansive covered patio, pool, large sunning area, raised deck and two water features flowing into the pool. The walled desert landscape provides privacy, while spiral stairs lead to a rooftop deck with view fencing overlooking the pool and expansive surrounding views. Extra deep garage allows for plenty of car storage or other toys, bikes, and sports gear for enjoying the North Scottsdale outdoor lifestyle!

24617 N 84th Street, Scottsdale

$749,000
3 Beds 3 Baths 7073178 MLS 1,957 SqFt.
Welcome to this beautifully appointed end-unit residence in the gated Pinnacle at Silverstone community of North Scottsdale. Designed with an open, light-filled floor plan and sophisticated finishes throughout, the home offers a seamless blend of comfort and modern style. The spacious kitchen opens to the living and dining areas, creating an inviting setting for everyday living and entertaining. Generously sized bedrooms provide comfortable private retreats, while the end-unit location offers added privacy. A standout feature is the private rooftop terrace showcasing beautiful mountain views--an ideal space to enjoy Arizona sunsets and outdoor living. Conveniently located near Scottsdale quarter for premier dining, shopping and golf.

23262 N 74th Place, Scottsdale

$2,453,400
4 Beds 5 Baths 7072468 MLS 3,792 SqFt.
Welcome to the Guard-Gated Community of Pinnacle Peak Country Club Estates / North Scottsdale. This North/South Golf Course Residence sets on a quiet cul-de-sac lot backing 174' to the 6th fairway, single-level 4-bedroom, 4 1/2-bath offering the perfect blend of comfort, style w/spacious living areas, abundant natural light, soaring ceilings with a thoughtfully designed layout ideal for both Arizona everyday living and private backyard entertaining from your expansive covered patio w/views across both 5th & 6th fairways. The generous primary en-suite boasts two private full baths w/separate walk-in closets/toilet rooms & steam showers, jetted tub. Buyer to verify all material facts. All material information must be verified during the inspection period.

8262 E Vista De Valle --, Scottsdale

$810,000
3 Beds 3 Baths 7071191 MLS 1,956 SqFt.
North Scottsdale Luxury Living at its Finest on a North/South facing lot within a privately gated, Lock and Leave Community in the heart of 85255. The open concept main floor boasts a chefs Kitchen w/5 Burner Gas Range, Double Ovens, Built in Fridge, & a huge island w/Quartz Countertops & waterfall edges that seamlessly opens to a generous Living/Dining Area with an Italian Marble Fireplace. The expansive stacked slider creates an indoor/outdoor lifestyle leading to the tiled patio perfect for gatherings w/friends, grilling a great steak, or relaxing with a good book. Beyond the patio is a greenbelt area which leads to the Community Pool, Spa, and Gym. The upstairs includes a spacious Primary Bdrm & Bath w/dual sinks, more quartz counters & a large shower. The main closet is fit for a Queen w/custom cabinetry in all the right places. The 2nd and 3rd Bdrms each have their own custom closets as well. 3rd Bdrm currently used as an office but can easily be a great Bdrm. Upstairs Laundry for convenience is adjacent to an awesome secondary Living Space with custom cabinets and open shelving. The rooftop deck with amazing Mountain Views rounds out this wonderful executive home looking for its next CEO.

7348 E Casitas Del Rio Drive, Scottsdale

$1,076,860
4 Beds 4 Baths 7071131 MLS 2,596 SqFt.
Experience sophisticated indoor-outdoor living in the Seaview plan at Aria at Silverstone, where a spectacular private rooftop deck sets the stage for unforgettable desert sunsets, starlit evenings, and tranquil mornings. The bright, open great room flows effortlessly to the backyard, creating an inviting space for entertaining and everyday enjoyment. The gourmet kitchen showcases warm Arid-stained cabinetry, elegant Marble-look quartz countertops, a spacious island with designer pendant lighting, and premium GE Monogram appliances. Two luxurious primary suites, one on each level, feature spa-inspired baths with dual vanities and step-free showers. A generous loft and two additional bedrooms offer exceptional flexibility for work, guests, or relaxed living. ^^Up to 5% of Base Price can be applied towards closing cost and/or short-long-term interest rate buydowns when choosing our preferred Lender. Additional eligibility and limited time restrictions apply. Ask for more information!

22676 N 72nd Place, Scottsdale

$1,104,190
4 Beds 4 Baths 7070770 MLS 2,673 SqFt.
Discover elevated living at Aria at Silverstone in the distinctive Laconia plan, where sophisticated design meets everyday versatility. A PRIVATE ROOFTOP DECK creates an exceptional setting for morning coffee, sunset gatherings, or quiet evenings beneath the stars. Inside, an extended foyer leads to an expansive great room and gourmet kitchen featuring a statement quartz island, designer pendant lighting, and premium appliances. A first-floor bedroom offers ideal flexibility for guests, work, or a private retreat. Upstairs, the thoughtfully divided layout creates privacy, with a luxurious primary suite featuring dual walk-in closets and a spa-inspired bath with dual vanities and a sleek walk-in shower. A spacious loft and two additional bedrooms complete this remarkable home. ^^Up to 5% of Base Price can be applied towards closing cost and/or short-long-term interest rate buydowns when choosing our preferred Lender. Additional eligibility and limited time restrictions apply. Ask for more information!

7301 E Via Luna Drive, Scottsdale

$3,948,999
4 Beds 4 Baths 7069990 MLS 4,193 SqFt.
HUGE LOT! Experience modern Spanish luxury on a grand scale. Set on a .76 of an acre homesite with stunning mountain views, this exceptional residence has been completely reimagined with no expense spared. Every detail reflects thoughtful curation and uncompromising quality, including engineered hardwood flooring, quartzite and travertine countertops, Venetian plaster, limewash walls, custom ceiling beams, designer lighting, premium plumbing fixtures and authentic Saltillo tile accents. The chef's kitchen features Wolf and Subzero appliances, two dishwashers and a custom range hood. Expansive iron doors and a dramatic wall of sliding glass create a seamless connection to the spectacular backyard and approximately 2,125 square feet of covered outdoor living. Enjoy new travertine decking, artificial turf, a putting green, water features, outdoor fans and multiple indoor and outdoor fireplaces. The private primary retreat offers an extraordinary indoor-outdoor bathing experience with soaking tubs and dual showers both inside and outside. Custom his-and-hers closets include a private washer and dryer within the primary closet. Additional highlights include a wet bar, a spacious laundry room with its own washer, dryer and sink, and two guest bathrooms with direct exterior access through custom iron doors. Nearly every major element has been renewed, including all new windows, 10 custom iron doors, new HVAC systems, all new synthetic stucco, a complete electrical rewire, new lighting, a new paver driveway and a three-car garage with brand-new epoxy flooring. This is a truly one-of-a-kind luxury residence designed for elevated Arizona living and effortless indoor-outdoor entertaining.

24218 N 87th Street, Scottsdale

$895,000
3 Beds 3 Baths 7069704 MLS 2,402 SqFt.
Move-in ready and better than new! This home is being offered exactly as it was lived in: fully furnished, meticulously maintained, and finished with upgrades throughout. Gleaming wood floors, double-stack cabinetry with low-voltage accent lighting, and a chef's kitchen featuring double ovens, custom built-ins, a built-in stainless fridge & wine cooler. Outside, an entertainer's patio offers electric shades, a retractable awning, built-in Fire Magic grill & oversized stackable sliding doors. Head up to your own private rooftop deck -- a rare feature in this area -- for unbeatable sunset views. Custom master closet, epoxy garage floor, whole-home water softener & R/O system, plus two 240V EV chargers. Every detail considered - turnkey living, furniture and all.

7365 E Casitas Del Rio Drive, Scottsdale

$1,799,000
6 Beds 3 Baths 7069184 MLS 3,334 SqFt.
Beautifully remodeled 3,334 sq ft, 2-story home offering modern luxury and effortless Arizona living. The open-concept floor plan features wide-plank wood flooring, soaring ceilings, designer finishes and abundant natural light. The stunning chef's kitchen showcases custom cabinetry, oversized island, premium appliances and expansive views. The spa-inspired primary suite features a freestanding soaking tub, oversized shower and impressive custom walk-in closet. Six bedrooms and three beautifully updated baths provide exceptional flexibility. Enjoy seamless indoor-outdoor living with a private pool, spacious patio and breathtaking Sonoran Mountain views. This turnkey home blends contemporary design with the best of North Scottsdale living.

22447 N 77th Place, Scottsdale

$587,500
3 Beds 3 Baths 7068913 MLS 1,873 SqFt.
Welcome to Arizona Silverado offering an exceptional opportunity to own in highly desirable North Scottsdale at a price point that is becoming increasingly hard to find. Tucked away at the end of the community with no neighbor directly in front, this home offers a desirable setting, north/south exposure, and a bright, open, and inviting floor plan. Featuring 3 bedrooms and 2.5 bathrooms, the thoughtfully designed layout provides plenty of space for both everyday living and entertaining. The main level is designed for both everyday living and entertainment, featuring a spacious living/ family room, kitchen with stainless steel appliances, pantry, laundry room, and a convenient half bath. Vaulted ceilings and abundant natural light enhance the open feel throughout. The home has been recently refreshed with new interior paint, new carpet, new fixtures, new lighting, along with a new AC unit and updated bathrooms! Upstairs, an open flex space provides the perfect area for a home office, play area, workout space, or additional lounge area. The expansive primary suite offers a spacious retreat with a large ensuite bathroom featuring a double-sink vanity, separate tub, and shower and a large walk-in closet. Two generously sized guest bedrooms and a full guest bathroom complete the second level, with one guest bedroom offering a walk-in closet. Enjoy Arizona living outdoors under the covered patio, while the 2-car garage provides added convenience and storage. Ideally located minutes from Waste Management Open, Desert Ridge Marketplace, Whole Foods, Silverleaf Country Club, the new Thompson Peak Dog park, Kierland, Scottsdale Quarter, dining, entertainment, Loop 101 and much more! This home offers the perfect combination of space, comfort, updates, and an exceptional North Scottsdale location. With its spacious layout, recent updates, desirable location, and exceptional value, opportunities like this in North Scottsdale are hard to come by. Don't miss your chance to make this one yours!

7500 E Deer Valley Road Unit 86, Scottsdale

$533,000
3 Beds 3 Baths 7068460 MLS 1,644 SqFt.
Welcome to this beautifully updated 2-story home in the gated Village at Sonoran Hills community in Scottsdale! Fresh interior paint and new vinyl flooring on the stairs and upstairs bedrooms create a clean, modern feel. The spacious kitchen features granite countertops, stainless steel appliances, and abundant cabinetry for excellent storage. The family room has wood flooring. The generous primary suite offers access to a private view deck. Enjoy one of the largest backyards in the community--ideal for outdoor living, entertaining, or relaxing. Residents enjoy heated community pools and a spa. Conveniently located near Loop 101, shopping, dining, and everyday amenities. A wonderful Scottsdale home in a desirable gated community!

7650 E Williams Drive Unit Unit 1058, Scottsdale

$1,199,000
5 Beds 3 Baths 7066667 MLS 3,352 SqFt.
A True Showstopper in Pinnacle Reserve 2! Welcome to this stunning, completely renovated 3,350-square-foot home in North Scottsdale's highly desirable Pinnacle Reserve 2 community. Thoughtfully designed for both comfortable family living and effortless entertaining, this spacious floor plan offers an ideal blend of style, functionality, and privacy. The inviting eat-in kitchen features granite countertops, a large island, and an open-concept layout that flows seamlessly into the expansive family room. Step outside to enjoy the covered patio and sparkling pool, all overlooking a view fence with a peaceful 50-foot desert belt beyond. Completely renovated from top to bottom, this exceptional home offers 5 generously sized bedrooms, each with ample closet space, along with 3 beautiful ointed bathrooms. There is plenty of room for everyone to enjoy their own space while providing abundant storage throughout. Located in a highly regarded school district with convenient access to the Loop 101, premier shopping, dining, and entertainment. All appliances convey with the home. A beautifully updated home in an exceptional North Scottsdale location--move-in ready and truly one to see!

24328 N 74th Place, Scottsdale

$2,395,000
5 Beds 5 Baths 7064187 MLS 4,293 SqFt.
scottsdale luxury HOME on 1.5 acres =a GATED CUL DE SAC ESTATE =set within the Sonoran hills ARROYO CANYON 2 this 5 bedroom with separate guest casita offers a great single level floorplan with of approx 4375 sq ft -CHEFS kitchen features a full SUBZERO DOUBLE DOOR FRIDGE- ALL NEW THERMIDOR APPLIANCES-with GAS COOKTOP YOUR RESORT LIKE BACKYARD features 2 separate grass areas = huge diving pool with outdoor grilling area assures you of great time outdoors=with abundance of open space-no neighbors behind with views of mcdowell mountains - on a north / south facing footprint of 1.5 acres acreage for privacy=you are in a gated and private community of Sonoran hills north scottsdale near shopping ,restaurants and the Grayhawk golf course and walking trails

22573 N 79th Place, Scottsdale

$999,000
4 Beds 2 Baths 7062467 MLS 2,378 SqFt.
Welcome to Los Portones, a highly desirable gated community in the heart of North Scottsdale. This well-maintained home has been thoughtfully updated over the years, including a new roof, new AC, and solar shades, giving the next owner peace of mind from day one. Inside, travertine flooring runs throughout the home, creating a warm, timeless feel. The updated kitchen is the heart of the home, featuring a large granite island that's perfect for cooking, entertaining, or gathering with family and friends. The remodeled primary bathroom offers a fresh, modern space to unwind at the end of the day. Step outside to your own private backyard retreat. The PebbleTec pool with a water feature is the perfect place to cool off, while the extended covered patio offers plenty of space for outdoor dining, relaxing, or entertaining. The large, low-maintenance yard lets you enjoy the Arizona lifestyle without the extra upkeep. A 3-car garage provides plenty of room for vehicles and storage, and you're just minutes from Scottsdale Quarter, Kierland Commons, top-rated restaurants, golf, hiking trails, and everything that makes North Scottsdale such a sought-after place to live. This is the kind of home that's easy to move into and easy to enjoy.

23854 N 74th Place, Scottsdale

$749,999
3 Beds 2 Baths 7062087 MLS 1,491 SqFt.
Coming Soon! Amazing location in Pinnacle's Los Portones exclusive GATED COMMUNITY. Built in 1994, this 3 Bedroom with 2 bathroom home has an open floorplan with VAULTED CEILINGS & SKYLIGHT for lots of natural light. The kitchen opens to the living & dining space with an OVERSIZED ISLAND with bar seating. The Master Suite is large with double doors and a great view to the pool. The Master Shower is upgraded with a LUXURY WALK-SHOWER with insets and a full bench! Walk-In Closet has plenty of hanging space as well as shelving. The backyard is very PRIVATE with a large sparkling pool and spacious covered patio. NEW AC Unit in 2019! NEW PLUMBING in 2025! NEW ROOF FELT in 2019! SHOWER REMODELED in 2017! This home is ready to make it your own!

7298 E Black Rock Road, Scottsdale

Copyright 2026 Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service, All rights reserved. The data relating to real estate for sale on this website comes in part from the Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service. All information deemed reliable but not guaranteed and should be independently verified. All properties are subject to prior sale, change or withdrawal. Neither listing broker(s) nor Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service shall be responsible for any typographical errors, misinformation, misprints and shall be held totally harmless.